![]() ![]() In addition, he looked at the therapeutic approaches to sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The developmental and behavioral effects of sleep disturbances in ASD were examined in detail, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Seo reviewed in detail the sleep disturbances seen in ASD among the neurodevelopmental disorders that mainly occur in children. Sleep is a necessary physiological process for typical synaptic development and brain maturation, and children with sleep disturbances are vulnerable to emotional and cognitive developmental problems. Sleep plays an important role in adults but is also important for child development. Accordingly, Yun and Jo argued that insomnia should be considered a systemic disease, and they described in detail the complex, dynamic, and global biological nature of the sleep process. A negative impact on these systems increases the risk of various illnesses, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, and infections. Chronic sleep disturbances affect a variety of physiological systems, including the immune, endocrine, and circulatory systems. Yun and Jo reviewed the aspects of insomnia as a systemic disease. However, insomnia affects the entire body and causes a variety of physical illnesses. Insomnia is treated as a neuropsychiatric disorder and its influence was thought to be confined to neurocognitive and emotional problems. Therefore, in this special issue, we attempt to understand the importance of sleep from several aspects: (1) understanding sleep, which affects not only mental health but also overall physical health (2) understanding the characteristics of sleep disturbances that occur in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly in children and (3) new non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia. The cost of insomnia is estimated to reach $100 billion annually in the United States alone. In addition, up to 10% of people meet the criteria for clinical insomnia. Chronic sleep disturbance is a pandemic worldwide, with two-thirds of individuals unable to obtain the recommended 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. This time-consuming activity plays an important role in the quality of life. We spend 25 to 30 years sleeping in our lifetime.
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